Prison system failing to support rising numbers of remand prisoners

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At present, the number of defendants being held in custodial remand while awaiting trial is at the highest level it has been for 50 years. They are also being held for longer periods of time, often beyond the statutory six-month limit. Recent figures show that 770 prisoners have been held on custodial remand for over two years, awaiting trial.

Ongoing backlogs in the court system have been a primary driver behind the growth in the remand population, despite a decline in the number of cases entering the courts since the pandemic. There are concerns that a return to pre-pandemic case levels could further exacerbate the growth in the remand population. Whilst custodial remand is vital for protecting the public from those charged with violent crime or deemed at risk of absconding, evidence suggests it is increasingly being used for non-violent offences, particularly where the defendant is a persistent reoffender. Growth in the use of custodial remand is also feared to be driven by the absence of community provision to support vulnerabilities such as drug abuse, homelessness and mental illness. Also, female defendants are often held on remand despite posing a low risk to the community and for crimes that do not carry a custodial sentence.

The Committee calls for an independent review into the application of the Bail Act 1976, the legislation governing the use of custodial remand, to investigate whether it is still operating as intended. It also calls for a review of the legal framework for custody time limits to determine whether it is effective in ensuring defendants are not deprived of their liberty for longer than is reasonable.

The increase in the number of remand prisoners is placing severe pressure on an already struggling prison system and the report warns that entire prisons risk becoming dedicated to remand prisoners by default. Remand prisoners do not automatically receive the same level of support as the sentenced prison population. They are held in Category-B prisons which have some of the worst conditions and overcrowding in the prison estate. Upon leaving prison, remand prisoners face many of the same challenges reintegrating into their communities as those convicted of a crime, however they are not given the same level of support. Those found not guilty at trial are not entitled to any support at all on release.

The Committee calls for greater support for remand prisoners. As a minimum, the prison service should ensure they receive the same access to mental health services, drug treatment, education and training as the rest of the prison population, and that their entitlements to visits are met. More investment is also needed in the prison estate to improve the conditions in Category B prisons to alleviate current overcrowding and understaffing. The Ministry of Justice also needs to ensure that there is adequate support available on release, particularly for accommodation services. Furthermore, those who are acquitted should be entitled to the same discharge grant as those who are sentenced and then released.

The Committee calls for improved use of alternatives to custodial remand, including conditional bail and electronic tagging. This would enable those facing trial to maintain vital links to family, jobs or accommodation reducing the potential for disruption to their lives when they have not yet been convicted of a crime. It would also reduce the need for support upon release from prison. Work should also be done to improve awareness of alternative measures among magistrates so that they are more readily utilised.

Greater use of video technology could also help speed up the justice process by facilitating routine hearings. It could also aid remand prisoners in maintaining contact with their families. However, the Committee warns that this must be used carefully to ensure that fundamental principles of justice are maintained.

Chair's comments

Chair of the Justice Committee, Sir Bob Neill said:

"The growing remand population is a serious concern, both in relation to the numbers being held on remand and the length of time they are remanded to custody for. Custodial remand is a necessary tool in the justice system for protecting the public from dangerous offenders or ensuring those at risk of absconding are brought to trial. But too often it is being used as an easy option in cases of low-level repeat offending or social problems, with little thought for the lasting consequences this can have on the individual.

Depriving someone of their liberty under any circumstances can mean losing employment, accommodation and familial contact. For this to happen when an individual is yet to be convicted of a crime is a serious measure and should not be taken lightly. Yet those subject to remand are not given adequate support to mitigate these effects.

In many cases there are better alternatives, including electronic tagging or conditional bail, and more work is needed to ensure awareness of these alternatives and to raise confidence among magistrates of their effectiveness. Both in prison and on release there also needs to be significant improvement in the level and quality of support provided, at least to the level provided to the rest of the prison population. This is particularly the case for those who are found not guilty, who currently receive no support at all upon release.”

Further information

• Inquiry: The role of adult custodial remand in the criminal justice system
• Justice Committee
• About Parliament: Select committees
• Visiting Parliament: Watch committees

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